Learn how to run database migrations safely in production with expand-contract, rollback strategies, and zero-downtime techniques.
Database migrations are one of the riskiest operations in production software. Unlike code deployments, which can often be rolled back in seconds, a migration that alters or drops data can be irreversible. Yet migrations are inevitable — schemas must evolve as requirements change. The key is a disciplined approach that makes migrations predictable, testable, and safe.The Expand-Contract PatternThe most important technique for zero-downtime migrations is the expand-contract pattern (also called parallel change). Instead of making a breaking schema change in a single step, you split it into thre...
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